drug_name event_name drug_id event_id drug_and_event_name
butalbital Dysphagia 1139699 31317 butalbital & Dysphagia 
## Chronograph ##

## Basic demographic table##
1: DEC cohort n Percentage 2: Drug cohort n Percentage 3: Event cohort n Percentage 4: All drugs cohort n Percentage
Total 89 100 Total 1000 100 Total 811 100 Total 1000 100
Sex gender = FEMALE 48 54 Sex gender = FEMALE 590 59 Sex gender = FEMALE 450 55 Sex gender = FEMALE 546 55
gender = MALE 41 46 gender = MALE 410 41 gender = MALE 361 45 gender = MALE 454 45
Age (0,20] 0 0 Age (0,20] 0 0 Age (0,20] 0 0 Age (0,20] 0 0
(20,30] 2 2 (20,30] 2 0 (20,30] 7 1 (20,30] 8 1
(30,40] 3 3 (30,40] 13 1 (30,40] 19 2 (30,40] 13 1
(40,50] 4 4 (40,50] 53 5 (40,50] 37 5 (40,50] 43 4
(50,60] 8 9 (50,60] 77 8 (50,60] 54 7 (50,60] 58 6
(60,70] 22 25 (60,70] 229 23 (60,70] 164 20 (60,70] 223 22
(70,80] 24 27 (70,80] 337 34 (70,80] 286 35 (70,80] 390 39
(80,90] 17 19 (80,90] 230 23 (80,90] 186 23 (80,90] 220 22
(90,110] 9 10 (90,110] 59 6 (90,110] 58 7 (90,110] 45 4
Median 71 IQR=(66, 82) Median 73 IQR=(67, 82) Median 74 IQR=(68, 82) Median 74 IQR=(68, 81) 
## Gender distribution ##
## DEC vs. drug ##
Characteristic % (n = 89) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff Characteristic % (n = 89) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff
Age group Viral hepatitis C 3.4 2.6 -0.05
25 - 29 2.2 0.2 -0.19 Visual system disorder 49.4 33.6 -0.33
30 - 34 2.2 0.4 -0.16 Medical history: Cardiovascular disease
35 - 39 1.1 0.5 -0.07 Atrial fibrillation 34.8 26.2 -0.19
40 - 44 0 1.5 0.17 Cerebrovascular disease 18.0 8.3 -0.29
45 - 49 4.5 3.6 -0.05 Coronary arteriosclerosis 52.8 30.5 -0.46
50 - 54 4.5 3.3 -0.06 Heart disease 83.1 57.9 -0.58
55 - 59 4.5 4.2 -0.01 Heart failure 44.9 25.9 -0.41
60 - 64 3.4 3.5 0.01 Ischemic heart disease 22.5 15.0 -0.19
65 - 69 16.9 16.9 0.00 Peripheral vascular disease 44.9 28.9 -0.34
70 - 74 22.5 19.7 -0.07 Pulmonary embolism 5.6 3.4 -0.11
75 - 79 7.9 14.7 0.22 Venous thrombosis 11.2 7.6 -0.12
80 - 84 14.6 12.9 -0.05 Medical history: Neoplasms
85 - 89 5.6 10.2 0.17 Hematologic neoplasm 23.6 7.9 -0.44
90 - 94 5.6 4.9 -0.03 Malignant lymphoma 4.5 2.1 -0.13
95 - 99 4.5 2.6 -0.10 Malignant neoplasm of anorectum 2.2 1.7 -0.04
100 - 104 0 0.9 0.13 Malignant neoplastic disease 43.8 25.6 -0.39
Gender: female 53.9 59.0 0.10 Malignant tumor of breast 3.4 3.6 0.01
Medical history: General Malignant tumor of colon 3.4 3.5 0.01
Acute respiratory disease 36.0 24.8 -0.24 Malignant tumor of lung 7.9 3.3 -0.20
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 1.1 0.5 -0.07 Malignant tumor of urinary bladder 4.5 2.4 -0.11
Chronic liver disease 6.7 3.6 -0.14 Medication use
Chronic obstructive lung disease 19.1 10.2 -0.25 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 69.7 71.0 0.03
Crohn’s disease 1.1 1.1 0.00 Antibacterials for systemic use 62.9 53.6 -0.19
Dementia 25.8 12.0 -0.36 Antidepressants 66.3 62.6 -0.08
Depressive disorder 18.0 11.3 -0.19 Antiepileptics 47.2 41.7 -0.11
Diabetes mellitus 71.9 51.5 -0.43 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products 25.8 38.3 0.27
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 22.5 14.6 -0.20 Antineoplastic agents 13.5 13.2 -0.01
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 9.0 7.5 -0.05 Antipsoriatics 0 0.5 0.10
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 0 0.9 0.13 Antithrombotic agents 68.5 65.2 -0.07
Hyperlipidemia 28.1 24.0 -0.09 Beta blocking agents 67.4 64.8 -0.06
Hypertensive disorder 6.7 4.5 -0.10 Calcium channel blockers 51.7 54.2 0.05
Lesion of liver 6.7 3.6 -0.14 Diuretics 69.7 69.5 0.00
Obesity 5.6 6.2 0.02 Drugs for acid related disorders 52.8 52.8 0.00
Osteoarthritis 65.2 39.6 -0.53 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases 41.6 41.8 0.00
Pneumonia 9.0 6.0 -0.11 Drugs used in diabetes 62.9 57.7 -0.11
Psoriasis 1.1 1.6 0.04 Immunosuppressants 3.4 5.3 0.09
Renal impairment 36.0 24.8 -0.24 Lipid modifying agents 66.3 72.7 0.14
Rheumatoid arthritis 6.7 7.2 0.02 Opioids 44.9 40.8 -0.08
Schizophrenia 16.9 10.0 -0.20 Psycholeptics 60.7 56.4 -0.09
Ulcerative colitis 0 0.2 0.06 Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 94.4 93.1 -0.05
Urinary tract infectious disease 32.6 21.7 -0.25 
## Event vs. All ##
Characteristic % (n = 811) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff Characteristic % (n = 811) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff
Age group Viral hepatitis C 1.6 1.3 -0.03
25 - 29 0.6 0.6 0.00 Visual system disorder 51.7 40.2 -0.23
30 - 34 1.2 1.0 -0.02 Medical history: Cardiovascular disease
35 - 39 1.1 0.3 -0.10 Atrial fibrillation 43.0 27.6 -0.33
40 - 44 1.8 0.8 -0.09 Cerebrovascular disease 14.8 9.9 -0.15
45 - 49 2.2 2.9 0.04 Coronary arteriosclerosis 45.9 29.7 -0.34
50 - 54 2.2 2.9 0.04 Heart disease 80.9 57.9 -0.52
55 - 59 4.3 3.1 -0.06 Heart failure 37.9 22.5 -0.34
60 - 64 4.3 2.9 -0.08 Ischemic heart disease 24.3 14.4 -0.25
65 - 69 13.2 15.4 0.06 Peripheral vascular disease 44.9 28.4 -0.35
70 - 74 19.2 22.6 0.08 Pulmonary embolism 4.6 2.3 -0.12
75 - 79 16.4 18.2 0.05 Venous thrombosis 11.5 7.8 -0.12
80 - 84 13.8 13.4 -0.01 Medical history: Neoplasms
85 - 89 10.4 9.9 -0.02 Hematologic neoplasm 14.2 8.9 -0.17
90 - 94 4.9 3.6 -0.07 Malignant lymphoma 5.9 4.2 -0.08
95 - 99 3.3 2.1 -0.08 Malignant neoplasm of anorectum 2.2 2.4 0.01
100 - 104 0.9 0.3 -0.07 Malignant neoplastic disease 41.4 29.5 -0.25
Gender: female 55.5 54.6 -0.02 Malignant tumor of breast 4.2 2.5 -0.09
Medical history: General Malignant tumor of colon 5.4 3.5 -0.09
Acute respiratory disease 32.9 21.9 -0.25 Malignant tumor of lung 5.7 4.3 -0.06
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 0.4 0.1 -0.06 Malignant tumor of urinary bladder 4.2 2.7 -0.08
Chronic liver disease 4.3 2.0 -0.13 Medication use
Chronic obstructive lung disease 14.2 9.1 -0.16 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 43.4 0 -1.24
Crohn’s disease 0.9 0.9 0.00 Antibacterials for systemic use 35.6 0 -1.05
Dementia 16.9 10.4 -0.19 Antidepressants 38.5 0 -1.12
Depressive disorder 12.2 7.3 -0.17 Antiepileptics 23.4 0 -0.78
Diabetes mellitus 68.9 50.3 -0.39 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products 24.0 0 -0.80
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 23.4 15.2 -0.21 Antineoplastic agents 12.2 0 -0.53
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 10.4 5.5 -0.18 Antipsoriatics 0.2 0 -0.07
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 0.9 0.4 -0.06 Antithrombotic agents 35.9 0 -1.06
Hyperlipidemia 36.4 24.4 -0.26 Beta blocking agents 39.3 0 -1.14
Hypertensive disorder 5.5 3.9 -0.08 Calcium channel blockers 31.1 0 -0.95
Lesion of liver 4.2 3.8 -0.02 Diuretics 40.8 0 -1.17
Obesity 8.6 5.3 -0.13 Drugs for acid related disorders 30.0 0 -0.93
Osteoarthritis 53.3 39.5 -0.28 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases 25.2 0 -0.82
Pneumonia 7.9 4.6 -0.14 Drugs used in diabetes 34.2 0 -1.02
Psoriasis 1.8 1.3 -0.04 Immunosuppressants 3.7 0 -0.28
Renal impairment 33.7 22.4 -0.25 Lipid modifying agents 45.6 0 -1.30
Rheumatoid arthritis 8.0 7.4 -0.02 Opioids 29.6 0 -0.92
Schizophrenia 7.2 3.8 -0.15 Psycholeptics 36.7 0 -1.08
Ulcerative colitis 0.5 0.2 -0.05 Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 8.6 0 -0.43
Urinary tract infectious disease 32.3 18.7 -0.32 
## Drug vs. All ##
Characteristic % (n = 811) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff Characteristic % (n = 811) % (n = 1,000) Std.Diff
Age group Viral hepatitis C 1.6 1.3 -0.03
25 - 29 0.6 0.6 0.00 Visual system disorder 51.7 40.2 -0.23
30 - 34 1.2 1.0 -0.02 Medical history: Cardiovascular disease
35 - 39 1.1 0.3 -0.10 Atrial fibrillation 43.0 27.6 -0.33
40 - 44 1.8 0.8 -0.09 Cerebrovascular disease 14.8 9.9 -0.15
45 - 49 2.2 2.9 0.04 Coronary arteriosclerosis 45.9 29.7 -0.34
50 - 54 2.2 2.9 0.04 Heart disease 80.9 57.9 -0.52
55 - 59 4.3 3.1 -0.06 Heart failure 37.9 22.5 -0.34
60 - 64 4.3 2.9 -0.08 Ischemic heart disease 24.3 14.4 -0.25
65 - 69 13.2 15.4 0.06 Peripheral vascular disease 44.9 28.4 -0.35
70 - 74 19.2 22.6 0.08 Pulmonary embolism 4.6 2.3 -0.12
75 - 79 16.4 18.2 0.05 Venous thrombosis 11.5 7.8 -0.12
80 - 84 13.8 13.4 -0.01 Medical history: Neoplasms
85 - 89 10.4 9.9 -0.02 Hematologic neoplasm 14.2 8.9 -0.17
90 - 94 4.9 3.6 -0.07 Malignant lymphoma 5.9 4.2 -0.08
95 - 99 3.3 2.1 -0.08 Malignant neoplasm of anorectum 2.2 2.4 0.01
100 - 104 0.9 0.3 -0.07 Malignant neoplastic disease 41.4 29.5 -0.25
Gender: female 55.5 54.6 -0.02 Malignant tumor of breast 4.2 2.5 -0.09
Medical history: General Malignant tumor of colon 5.4 3.5 -0.09
Acute respiratory disease 32.9 21.9 -0.25 Malignant tumor of lung 5.7 4.3 -0.06
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 0.4 0.1 -0.06 Malignant tumor of urinary bladder 4.2 2.7 -0.08
Chronic liver disease 4.3 2.0 -0.13 Medication use
Chronic obstructive lung disease 14.2 9.1 -0.16 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 43.4 0 -1.24
Crohn’s disease 0.9 0.9 0.00 Antibacterials for systemic use 35.6 0 -1.05
Dementia 16.9 10.4 -0.19 Antidepressants 38.5 0 -1.12
Depressive disorder 12.2 7.3 -0.17 Antiepileptics 23.4 0 -0.78
Diabetes mellitus 68.9 50.3 -0.39 Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products 24.0 0 -0.80
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 23.4 15.2 -0.21 Antineoplastic agents 12.2 0 -0.53
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage 10.4 5.5 -0.18 Antipsoriatics 0.2 0 -0.07
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 0.9 0.4 -0.06 Antithrombotic agents 35.9 0 -1.06
Hyperlipidemia 36.4 24.4 -0.26 Beta blocking agents 39.3 0 -1.14
Hypertensive disorder 5.5 3.9 -0.08 Calcium channel blockers 31.1 0 -0.95
Lesion of liver 4.2 3.8 -0.02 Diuretics 40.8 0 -1.17
Obesity 8.6 5.3 -0.13 Drugs for acid related disorders 30.0 0 -0.93
Osteoarthritis 53.3 39.5 -0.28 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases 25.2 0 -0.82
Pneumonia 7.9 4.6 -0.14 Drugs used in diabetes 34.2 0 -1.02
Psoriasis 1.8 1.3 -0.04 Immunosuppressants 3.7 0 -0.28
Renal impairment 33.7 22.4 -0.25 Lipid modifying agents 45.6 0 -1.30
Rheumatoid arthritis 8.0 7.4 -0.02 Opioids 29.6 0 -0.92
Schizophrenia 7.2 3.8 -0.15 Psycholeptics 36.7 0 -1.08
Ulcerative colitis 0.5 0.2 -0.05 Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 8.6 0 -0.43
Urinary tract infectious disease 32.3 18.7 -0.32 
## Top drugs and conditions for DEC ##
drugs_180_days n_180_days
antithrombotic agents 122
beta blocking agents 120
analgesics 89
nervous system 89
other analgesics and antipyretics 89
psychoanaleptics 87
cardiovascular system 86
antiepileptics 84
caffeine 84
psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics 84
xanthine derivatives 84
stomatological preparations 82
alimentary tract and metabolism 80
respiratory system 76
systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins 74
acetaminophen 73
anilides 73
blood and blood forming organs 69
antihistamines for systemic use 64
ophthalmologicals 64
sensory organs 64
agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 62
diuretics 62
antidepressants 59
lipid modifying agents 59
cond_180_days n_180_days
inflammation of specific body systems 79
inflammation of specific body organs 75
heart disease 74
pain 73
pain finding at anatomical site 73
arthropathy 71
soft tissue lesion 69
vascular disorder 69
diabetes mellitus 64
measurement finding outside reference range 62
type 2 diabetes mellitus 59
degenerative disorder of musculoskeletal system 58
osteoarthritis 58
pain of truncal structure 58
structural disorder of heart 58
neoplastic disease 57
skin or mucosa lesion 54
abnormal blood cell count 53
arteriosclerotic vascular disease 52
measurement finding below reference range 52
cardiac arrhythmia 51
kidney disease 50
lesion of skin and/or skin-associated mucous membrane 50
skin lesion 50
hemoglobin level outside reference range 49